Potensi Pengenaan Pajak Progresif pada Lahan Kosong melalui Pendekatan Zona Nilai Tanah di Kabupaten Bogor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31292/jta.v8i2.427Keywords:
PBB-P2, lahan kosong, Zona Nilai Tanah, Pajak ProgresifAbstract
Urbanization has significantly increased land consumption in cities. In many cases, urban areas intended for public use such as housing development or public facilities fail to fulfill the land use functions considerably remained unused for years. This situation often occurs due to property considerations, resulting in land speculation in the hope that prices will rise. In consequence, the government needs to implement effective land value taxation policies such as progressive taxes on Rural and Urban Land and Building Taxes (PBB-P2) for vacant land. This research aims to identify the potential for progressive taxation that may be implemented in the Western and Central Development study areas of Bogor Regency. The method used in this research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with secondary data collection. Through spatial analysis using GIS on land parcel data, vacant land use, and land value zones, they combined with a modified PBB-P2 calculation incorporating a double tax increase per year. The result shows that a loss of potential local revenue around 133% in the 2019-2021 timeframe compared to the existing tax value. However, this research impacts to balance fairness for landowners, reduce land speculation, and encourage effective land use for development.
Tingginya tingkat urbanisasi di perkotaan berdampak pada konsumsi lahan yang semakin meningkat. Dalam banyak kasus, kawasan perkotaan yang seharusnya dimanfaatkan untuk kebutuhan masyarakat, seperti pembangunan perumahan atau fasilitas umum, tidak memenuhi fungsi tata guna lahannya dengan membiarkan kosong bertahun-tahun. Situasi ini sering terjadi karena pertimbangan properti, sehingga aksi spekulasi tanah terjadi dengan harapan harga naik. Konsekuensinya, pemerintah perlu memberlakukan pajak nilai tanah yang efektif dalam bentuk kebijakan pengenaan pajak progresif pada Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2) terhadap lahan kosong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi pengenaan pajak progresif yang mungkin dapat di implementasikan pada wilayah studi Pengembangan Barat dan Tengah Kabupaten Bogor. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pengambilan data sekunder. Analisis spasial menggunakan GIS terhadap data bidang tanah, penggunaan lahan, dan zona nilai tanah melalui penghitungan PBB-P2 yang dimodifikasi meningkat dua kali lipat setiap tahunnya atau kenaikan pajak berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kehilangan potensi pendapatan daerah sebesar 133% dalam rentang waktu 2019-2021 dibandingkan nilai pajak eksisting. Tentunya penelitian ini berdampak pada keadilan bagi pemilik lahan yang memiliki properti, mengurangi spekulasi tanah, dan mendorong pemanfaatan lahan dalam pembangunan efektif.
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